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Tourette's Syndrome - Tourette's Syndrome symptom, treatment, causes


Tourette's Syndrome is a very rare genetic disorder of movement, often known by its full name, Gilles de la Tourette syndrome. Symptoms begin in childhood with simple tics and involuntary movements and progress to multiple complex movements and involuntary utterances such as barks, grunts and, in around half of those affected, obscenities. The syndrome is more common in males, and half of an affected person's children will inherit the disorder, though not all to the same extent. Treatment with sedatives, tranquillisers or in some cases antipsychotic drugs can help to control the socially disabling symptoms.

Tourette syndrome (TS) is a neurological disorder characterized by repetitive, stereotyped, involuntary movements and vocalizations called tics. In a few patients, such tics can include inappropriate words and phrases. The disorder is named for Dr. Georges Gilles de la Tourette, the pioneering French neurologist who in 1885 first described the condition in an 86-year-old French noblewoman. The nature and complexity of the tics are usually variable over time with natural waxing and waning in frequency and severity. Many individuals with TS also develop associated behavioral problems, such as obsessions and compulsions, inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. Symptom onset typically occurs during childhood or early adolescence. The symptoms of Tourette Syndrome generally appear before the individual is 18 years old. Tourette Syndrome can affect people of all ethnic groups; males are affected 3 to 4 times more often than females. It is estimated that 100,000 Americans have full-blown Tourette Syndrome, and that perhaps as many as 1 in 200 show a partial expression of the disorder, such as chronic multiple tics or transient childhood tics.

Causes of Tourette's Syndrome

The common Causes of Tourette's Syndrome :

  • The streptococcus bacterium can cause a wide range of infections, ranging from mild to severe and life threatening. One theory proposes that a particular infection may be responsible for the neurological changes.
  • Tourette syndrome seems to be an inherited condition. A child of a person with Tourette syndrome has a 50 per cent chance of developing the condition themselves. Boys are three times more likely to inherit the condition than girls.
  • The chemicals of the brain (neurotransmitters) seem to be metabolised differently in people with Tourette syndrome, especially the mood regulators dopamine and serotonin.

Symptoms of Tourette's Syndrome

Some common Symptoms of Tourette's Syndrome :

  • Coprolalia (rare outburst of swear words).
  • Small rapid movements (motor tics), eg. blinking, facial expressions and head or shoulder.
  • Complex motor tics involving larger movements or a combination.
  • Simple vocalizations (vocal tics), eg. continuous throat-clearing, sniffing and grunting.
  • Head banging, lip biting and eye poking are more self-destructive symptoms.
  • Complex vocal tics involving words and phrases.

Treatment of Tourette's Syndrome

  • Relaxation, biofeedback, and/or exercise can reduce the stress that often exacerbates symptoms.
  • Behavior therapy can help people with TS learn to substitute their tics with other movements or sounds that are more acceptable.
  • Psychotherapy can help people with TS and their families cope with the disorder.
  • Cognitive behavioral therapy can help reduce obsessive-compulsive symptoms.

 

Tourette's Syndrome - Tourette's Syndrome symptom, treatment, causes

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