Thrombophlebitis - Thrombophlebitis symptom, treatment, causes

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Thrombophlebitis is an inflammation of the wall of a vein associated with formation of a clot within it. Thrombophlebitis may follow any injury to the wall or lining of a vein, or may be the result of inflammation spreading from surrounding tissues. The condition is most common in the superficial veins of the leg, in veins receiving a drip through an indwelling needle, and in the arm veins of intravenous drug-abusers.

Thrombophlebitis is swelling (inflammation) of a vein caused by a blood clot . Thrombophlebitis usually occurs in the veins in your legs. On rare occasions, thrombophlebitis (often shortened to "phlebitis") can affect veins in your arms or neck. The affected vein may be near the surface of your skin or deep within a muscle. When the affected vein is near the surface of your skin, the condition is called superficial thrombophlebitis. When the affected vein is located deep within a muscle, the condition is called deep vein thrombosis. A clot in a deep vein increases your risk of serious health problems, including a dislodged clot traveling to your lungs and blocking an artery. Thrombophlebitis often is caused by prolonged inactivity, such as from sitting during a long period of travel in an airplane or automobile or from lengthy bed rest after surgery. Such inactivity decreases blood flow through your veins and may cause a clot to form. Paralysis, certain types of cancer and use of the hormone estrogen also may lead to thrombophlebitis. An inherited tendency for blood clots places you at higher risk of thrombophlebitis. You can use self-care methods to ease pain and reduce your risk of clots. Various treatments, including medications and surgery, also are available for thrombophlebitis.

Causes of Thrombophlebitis

The common Causes of Thrombophlebitis :

Antithrombin III deficiency.

AIDS (lupus anticoagulant).

Other risk factors include certain cancers, use of the hormone estrogen (for either birth control or hormone replacement) and family history of blood clots.

Thrombophlebitis may result from infection or injury that prompts excessive clotting in the veins.

The most important clinically identifiable risk factors for thrombophlebitis are a prior history of superficial phlebitis, deep vein thrombosis, or pulmonary embolism.

People also could develop thrombophlebitis as a complication of intravenous tubes, or IVs.

Pregnant women may also develop thrombophlebitis before or shortly after the baby is born.

Symptoms of Thrombophlebitis

Some common Symptoms of Thrombophlebitis :

Pain in the part of the body affected.

Warmth and tenderness over the vein.

Skin redness or inflammation (not always present).

Swelling ( edema ) of the extremities (ankle and foot).

Tenderness and pain in the affected area.

Red, discolored, or white skin.

You may have a fever.

Symptoms may be worse when the leg is lowered, especially when first getting out of bed in the morning.

Treatment of Thrombophlebitis

An anti-inflammatory drug, such as aspirin or ibuprofen , can help lessen the pain and inflammation.

Surgical removal, stripping, or bypass of the vein is rarely needed but may be recommended in some situations.

Support stockings and wraps to reduce discomfort .

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications (NSAIDS) such as ibuprofen to reduce pain and inflammation.

Prescription leg compression stockings (knee or thigh high) improve your blood flow and may help to relieve your pain and swelling.

Local fibrinolysis is useful when the deep system is involved or threatened, as well as when preserving the patency of a superficial vessel is important.