Parotitis - Parotitis symptom, treatment, causes

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Parotitis is due to inflammation of one or both of the parotid salivary glands, which lie above the angle of the jaw, in front of the ears. Parotitis is most commonly caused by MUMPS, but is sometimes due to sJo-GREN'S SYNDROME, bacterial infection (resulting in parotid abscess) or by a stone blocking the duct that drains saliva from the gland

Parotitis is an inflammation of one or both parotid glands , the major salivary glands located on either side of the face, in humans. These are two large salivary glands that sit inside each cheek over the jaw in front of each ear. Parotitis is an inflammation of one or both parotid glands. The parotid gland contacts the mandibular ramus and muscles of mastication, which massage the gland during chewing. Acute suppurative parotitis is a very painful bacterial infection of the gland. Swelling without pain and without infection also consitutes a form of parotitis, which may be acute or chronic. Parotitis is most often caused by a bacterial infection of Staphylococcus aureus, but can result from viral infection, and other causes. The most common viral cause of parotitis is mumps. Blockage of the main parotid duct, or one of its branches, is often a primary cause of acute parotitis, with further inflammation secondary to bacterial superinfection. Acute suppurative parotitis is a very painful bacterial infection of the gland. Swelling without pain and without infection also constitutes a form of parotitis, which may be acute or chronic.

Causes of Parotitis

The common Causes of Parotitis :

HIV may cause a type of indolent parotitis that suggests an autoimmune process.

In the vast majority of instances, risk factors are unknown.

Autoimmune disease causes most cases of chronic parotitis.

Facial pain.

Parotid gland enlargement

Alpha-haemolyticStreptococcusspp.

Mumps.

Bacterial infection of parotid gland.

Strictly anaerobic Gram-positive cocci.

Blocked salivary duct.

Symptoms of Parotitis

Some common Symptoms of Parotitis :

Fever.

Headache.

Dry mouth.

Sore throat.

Swollen glands near jaw and cheek.

Esticle lump.

Abnormal tastes , foul tastes.

Decreased ability to open the mouth.

Swollen parotid glands.

Scrotal swelling.

Treatment of Parotitis

Recurring parotitis, an unpleasant and distressing condition, is managed conservatively in most instances but occasionally requires surgery to end the frequent and severe episodes of infection. The decision for surgery is based on subjective symptoms.

Fibrosis makes the tensile strength of the surrounding gland much greater than the nerve itself. Surgery is difficult and expensive. Parotidectomy is still the most acceptable treatment in the United States.

The swollen inflamed gland makes surgery more difficult, and the incidence of injury to the facial nerve may be slightly higher than for removal of benign tumors.

The duct has been ligated in hopes of causing atrophy of the gland. The duct should be dissected for a short distance within the cheek and severed. The duct should be oversewn to assure that the soft tissue heals. Simple ligation frequently results in recanalization of the duct.

The standard treatment is superficial parotidectomy, but if CT scanning or surgery reveals significant involvement of the deep lobe, that portion of the gland is dissected from beneath the nerve.